In the year 1750, the Caucasus region exhibited a rich and varied political landscape. It included Azerbaijani Khanates such as Shamakhi, Karabakh, and Nakhchivan, as well as Georgian Principalities, Kumyk Shamkhalates, and Feudal Communities like the Ossetians, Adyghe, Abaza, and Taulu people. Additionally, there were free communities residing in the highlands of the Caucasus Mountains. This diverse mix of political entities contributed to the dynamic nature of the region during that time.
The Azerbaijani Khanates, such as Shamakhi, Karabakh, Derbend, Quba, Sheki, Iravan, and Nakhchivan, were governed by a Khan who had the support of both Turkic tribal leaders and leaders from non-Turkic groups like the Tsakhurs, Avars, and Lezgi people. These leaders held subordinate positions under the Khan's authority. While the Khanates enjoyed a certain degree of autonomy within their territories, they often clashed with one another as they vied for political influence and power.
The Georgian Principalities, including Kartli-Kakheti, Imereti, and Megrelia, held significant influence in the Caucasus during this period. These feudal states were ruled by Georgian nobility and played a crucial role in the political dynamics of the region. They were known for their cultural richness and active participation in regional affairs.
In the rugged and mountainous northeastern part of the Caucasus, various free mountain communities thrived. These communities, consisting of the Chechens, Ingush, Avar, Lezgi, Lak and others, lived in relative independence and often had their own self-governing systems. Their way of life revolved around herding, agriculture, and maintaining strong cultural traditions.
In the northwestern region of the Caucasus, a significant development occurred as feudal states began to emerge, shaping the political landscape of the area. These states were comprised of diverse communities, including the Adyghe, Abaza, and Taulu people. Over time, these emerging states successfully established their authority and consolidated their territories as a response to the increasing threat posed by Russia. They were characterized by a hierarchical social structure and possessed strong military capabilities, allowing them to protect their interests and withstand external pressures.
Across the vast plains between the Black and Caspian Seas, a multitude of Turkic tribes, commonly known as the Nogais, led a nomadic way of life. These tribes depended on animal husbandry and engaged in seasonal migrations as a means of sustaining their livelihoods. The Nogais possessed a unique culture and maintained an interactive relationship with the sedentary societies residing in the surrounding region. Their presence added to the diverse fabric of the Caucasus, contributing to the cultural dynamics of the area.
Overall, the Caucasus in 1750 was a mosaic of diverse political entities, ranging from Turkic Khanates and Georgian Principalities to free mountain communities and nomadic tribes. This intricate landscape contributed to the complex historical and cultural tapestry of the region.